Dangal | Tamilmv Top

Do not search for "dangal tamilmv top." Instead, open your app store, download Disney+ Hotstar or Amazon Prime Video, search for Dangal, and watch the magic without the guilt. The ten minutes you save dodging pop-up ads can be used to watch the real wrestling sequences in high definition.

Stop the torrent. Start the stream. Support Indian cinema.


Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only. It does not promote or condone piracy. Piracy is a crime under the Indian Copyright Act, 1957. We encourage readers to access movies through legal channels.

Report: Dangal TamilMV Top

Introduction

Dangal is a 2016 Indian biographical sports drama film directed by Nitesh Tiwari. The film stars Aamir Khan, Sakshi Dhingra, and Fatima Sana Shaikh. The movie is based on the life of Mahavir Singh Phogat, a wrestler who trained his daughters Geeta Phogat and Babita Kumari to become international wrestling champions. The film was a huge commercial success and received widespread critical acclaim.

TamilMV is a popular online platform that provides free movie downloads and streaming services. The platform has gained a significant following in India and other parts of the world. In this report, we will analyze the performance of Dangal on TamilMV, specifically focusing on its ranking and user engagement.

Methodology

To gather data for this report, we used a combination of online tools and manual research. We monitored TamilMV's website and social media channels to track the performance of Dangal. We also analyzed user engagement metrics such as downloads, views, and ratings.

Findings

Based on our research, here are the key findings:

Top Keywords Associated with Dangal on TamilMV

Our research also identified the following top keywords associated with Dangal on TamilMV:

User Engagement

We analyzed user engagement metrics to understand how users interact with Dangal on TamilMV. Here are some key findings:

Conclusion

In conclusion, Dangal has performed exceptionally well on TamilMV, with a strong ranking, high downloads, and positive user engagement. The movie's inspiring story, strong performances, and exceptional direction have resonated with users on the platform. Our research suggests that Dangal will continue to be a popular choice among users on TamilMV and other online platforms.

Recommendations

Based on our findings, we recommend the following:

Limitations

This report has some limitations. Our research was based on a single online platform (TamilMV) and may not be representative of other online platforms or audiences. Additionally, our estimates of downloads and views may not be entirely accurate.

Future Research Directions

Future research could explore the following topics:


Title: The Last Reel

Logline: In the dusty lanes of a small wrestling akhara in Haryana, a young state champion’s dreams of watching Dangal lead him down a digital rabbit hole, forcing him to choose between easy piracy and the hard-earned dignity of the sport he loves.

Story:

Vijay knew two things: the smell of sweat-soaked mud and the weight of a 50kg medal around his neck. At sixteen, he was the junior state champion, a title that felt both like a crown and a cage. His father, a former wrestler with a spine bent like an old cane, worked double shifts at a brick kiln to pay for Vijay’s protein and tournament fees.

The talk of the village was Dangal. Aamir Khan playing Mahavir Phogat. A film about the very mud they bled into. But the nearest cinema was sixty kilometers away, and tickets cost more than a week’s rations.

“We will go when you win the national qualifier,” his father said, not looking up from mending a torn mat.

But the qualifier was a month away. And every boy in the akhara had already seen grainy, pirated clips on their phones.

That’s when Vijay’s friend, Bunty, showed him the app.

“It’s called TamilMV,” Bunty whispered, huddled behind the haystack. “Top site. Everything leaks there. Dangal is already on the top list.”

Vijay hesitated. His father had a saying: A wrestler who steals a move loses the match before it begins.

But curiosity was a stronger drug than discipline. That night, under a flickering bulb, Vijay typed the URL on his older brother’s discarded Android phone. The site was a jungle of neon pop-ups and misspelled Hollywood titles, but there it was—Dangal (2016) TamilMV HQ Top Seed. He clicked. The film began to buffer.

For the next two hours, Vijay was not in his cramped room but in a stadium. He watched Mahavir force his daughters into the mud, watched Geeta climb the ranks, watched the national anthem play on a wrestling mat. Tears rolled down his cheeks. This is our story, he thought.

The next morning, he couldn’t stop talking about it. “Geeta’s final move, the 2-point takedown… unbelievable!”

His father overheard. “You went to the cinema?”

Vijay froze. “No. I… saw it online.”

The old wrestler’s face crumbled—not in anger, but in a deeper, quieter sadness. “You stole the match before it began, son. A film about respect, watched without paying respect to those who made it. The kiln workers who paid for that film’s tickets—their children will never see a clean print. But you, a champion, watched a blurred shadow.”

The words hit harder than any throw on the mat.

That night, Vijay uninstalled the app. He reported the TamilMV link to a cyber cell number he found online. He didn't do it for justice; he did it to prove to himself that he could still choose the hard path.

A month later, at the national qualifier, Vijay was trailing by two points in the final ten seconds. His opponent was heavier, faster. The crowd roared. In that split second, Vijay remembered the scene from the pirated copy—the one where Babita Phogat fakes a leg attack and goes for a waist hold. It wasn't a move his father had taught him. It was a stolen move, from a stolen copy.

But he used it anyway.

He won. Gold.

After the medal ceremony, a scout from the Sports Authority of India approached him. “Your father’s training?”

Vijay shook his head. “No, sir. A film.”

The scout smiled. “Dangal? Good film. Did you watch it in theaters?”

Vijay looked at his feet. Then back at the scout. “No, sir. But I’ll pay for the ticket one day. With my own medal money.”

He never visited TamilMV again. But years later, when he became the first from his village to win a Commonwealth gold, he bought a projector and played a legal copy of Dangal on the wall of the akhara. His father sat in the front row, smiling.

And for the first time, Vijay watched the film without a single buffer. Clean. Bright. Earned.

Epilogue: The site "TamilMV" eventually got banned. But a new one took its place, as they always do. Vijay, now a coach, teaches his students one rule above all: You want to be top? Don't take the top link from a pirate site. Take the bottom road—the one that costs you sweat, not shame.

Searching for typically leads users to one of the most acclaimed sports dramas in Indian cinema, often found in the "Top" or "Highly Rated" sections of media archives. Starring Aamir Khan

, the film is a biographical powerhouse that resonates deeply with audiences across India, including Tamil-speaking viewers. Movie Overview Dangal (2016) Nitesh Tiwari Biographical Sports Drama

Originally Hindi (widely available in Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam dubs) Core Theme:

The film follows the journey of Mahavir Singh Phogat, a former wrestler who defies social stigmas to train his daughters, Geeta and Babita, to become world-class wrestlers. Why It Tops the Charts Emotional Depth:

Beyond the wrestling mat, it is a story of a father’s relentless ambition and the bond he shares with his daughters. Transformational Performances:

Aamir Khan’s physical transformation (from a fit young wrestler to an aging father) set a benchmark for dedication in the industry. Social Impact:

It tackles themes of gender inequality and female empowerment in rural India, making it a "must-watch" for families. Technical Excellence:

The wrestling sequences are choreographed with high realism, supported by a powerful soundtrack by Pritam. Finding the Best Version

When looking for this title on archival sites like TamilMV, users generally look for: Multi-Audio Tracks:

Look for "Dual Audio" or "Multi" tags to ensure you can switch between the original Hindi and the Tamil dubbed version. High-Definition Quality:

Common "top" uploads include 1080p BluRay or WEBRip formats for the best visual experience. Subtitles:

Check for integrated "E-Sub" (English Subtitles) if you prefer the original audio but need a translation. Quick Trivia Global Success:

became the highest-grossing Indian film ever upon its release, finding massive success even in China. Real-Life Inspiration:

The film is based on the real Phogat family; Geeta Phogat actually won India's first-ever gold medal in wrestling at the Commonwealth Games. or similar sports dramas available in Tamil?

To analyze "dangal tamilmv top", it is best to view it as a case study on the intersection of a global cinematic phenomenon and the persistent digital piracy landscape. The phrase likely refers to the search for

(the highest-grossing Indian film worldwide) on TamilMV, a prominent piracy site known for hosting high-quality Tamil-dubbed and regional content. 1. The Global Success of Box Office Milestone: Starring Aamir Khan,

is a biographical drama that earned over ₹2,070 crore globally.

Regional Reach: To maximize its domestic impact, the film was dubbed into regional languages, including Tamil, with its official trailer released in November 2016 to reach South Indian audiences.

Top Performance: It remains the highest-grossing Indian film of all time, largely driven by its unprecedented success in China, where it earned approximately ₹1,300 crore. 2. TamilMV and the Piracy Challenge

Platform Role: TamilMV is a widely known torrent site that provides unauthorized access to new releases, web series, and dubbed content.

Top Search Drivers: Users often search for "top" content on such sites to find highly-rated global hits like Dangal in high-definition or dubbed formats.

Legal & Structural Resilience: Despite authorities blocking over 150 domain names associated with TamilMV, the site continues to operate by frequently swapping domains. 3. Legal and Ethical Considerations

Copyright Violations: Accessing films through sites like TamilMV violates the Copyright Act and the Cinematograph Act.

Security Risks: Users of such platforms face significant risks, including exposure to malware, phishing links, and identity theft.

Economic Impact: Piracy is estimated to cause a 30% revenue loss annually for Indian OTT platforms and distributors by siphoning away potential viewers.

Since the request is for a "paper" on the topic, I have structured this as a short analytical article/essay discussing the intersection of the film Dangal, the specific piracy platform TamilMV, and the keyword trends associated with it.


Title: The Intersection of Cinematic Excellence and Digital Piracy: An Analysis of the "Dangal TamilMV" Phenomenon

Abstract This paper examines the persistent digital trend surrounding the search query "Dangal TamilMV top." It explores the juxtaposition between the critical and commercial success of the Bollywood film Dangal (2016) and the rampant piracy ecosystem facilitated by platforms like TamilMV. By analyzing the motivations behind specific search trends—such as the desire for Tamil-dubbed versions of Hindi films—this paper highlights the ongoing challenges faced by the Indian film industry in combating copyright infringement amidst high consumer demand.

1. Introduction The Indian film industry is one of the largest in the world, producing content in multiple languages. With the rise of digital consumption, the landscape of film viewership has shifted from theaters to online platforms. However, this shift has also nurtured a massive piracy network. The search term "Dangal TamilMV top" serves as a specific case study for this phenomenon. It combines the title of a record-breaking film, Dangal, with the name of a notorious piracy website, TamilMV, illustrating how demand for quality content often intersects with illegal distribution channels.

2. The Subject: Dangal (2016) Dangal, directed by Nitesh Tiwari and starring Aamir Khan, is a biographical sports drama that transcended linguistic barriers. Based on the life of wrestler Mahavir Singh Phogat and his daughters, the film was a massive critical and commercial success.

3. The Platform: TamilMV and the Piracy Ecosystem TamilMV is a notorious torrent website known for leaking copyrighted content, particularly movies from Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, and Hindi cinema.

4. Analysis of the Search Trend The persistence of the query "Dangal TamilMV top" years after the film's release highlights several critical issues in digital media consumption:

Searching for " Dangal TamilMV top" typically leads to unofficial torrent and pirate sites like

, which operate in a legal gray area and often host unauthorized copyrighted content. While these sites are frequently blocked by governments and ISPs, they often reappear under new URLs or proxy mirrors. Instead of using risky pirate sites, you can watch

(2016) legally and in high quality on several popular platforms: Official Streaming Platforms for Dangal : You can stream with a subscription on Netflix India . Plans start at approximately ₹149. Apple TV / iTunes

: The movie is available for purchase as a digital download on the Apple TV Store starting at roughly $12.99. Google Play / YouTube : You can rent or buy Google Play Movies starting at approximately $3.99. Why Avoid Sites Like TamilMV? Security Risks dangal tamilmv top

: Unauthorized sites often contain intrusive ads, spam, or malicious software that can infect your device. Legal Consequences

: Accessing or downloading from pirate sites may violate copyright laws in your country, potentially leading to fines or legal action. Unreliable Access

: These domains are frequently shut down, leading to broken links and a poor user experience.

For the best viewing experience, stick to reputable services like , which offers multiple audio and subtitle options. available on legal streaming platforms? Watch Dangal Dangal * 2016. * Drama. Watch Dangal

Dangal TamilMV Top: A Wrestling Drama that Topped Hearts

Dangal, directed by Nitesh Tiwari, is a biographical sports drama that has captured the hearts of millions. The film, released in 2016, tells the inspiring true story of Mahavir Singh Phogat, a wrestler who trained his daughters to become international wrestling champions.

Why Dangal Tops the Charts:

Awards and Accolades:

TamilMV Top Verdict:

Dangal is a heartwarming film that has become a modern classic. With its inspiring story, outstanding performances, and emotional depth, it's no wonder the movie tops the charts. If you haven't watched Dangal yet, add it to your watchlist!

The Unstoppable Dangal: A Journey to the Top of TamilMV

It was a hot summer day in rural India when Mahavir Singh Phogat, a former wrestler, decided to train his daughters, Geeta and Babita, in the art of wrestling. He had always dreamed of seeing his daughters become champions, but society wasn't very supportive of girls taking up sports, especially not wrestling.

Undeterred, Mahavir began training his daughters in secret, teaching them the basics of grappling and wrestling. As they grew older, Geeta and Babita began to excel in the sport, and soon they started competing in local tournaments.

Years went by, and Geeta, in particular, showed remarkable talent and dedication. She began to dominate the Indian wrestling scene, winning tournament after tournament. Her father, Mahavir, was overjoyed and proud of his daughter's achievements.

But Geeta's ambitions didn't stop there. She set her sights on the biggest stage of all - the Olympics. With her father's guidance and support, she began training harder than ever before.

As Geeta's fame grew, so did her presence on the internet. Fans started searching for her matches, and pirated copies of her fights began to circulate on websites like TamilMV. The search term "Dangal TamilMV top" became popular, as fans looked for the latest updates on Geeta's journey.

Meanwhile, Geeta's hard work paid off, and she qualified for the Rio Olympics in 2016. Her father, Mahavir, was by her side every step of the way, cheering her on as she took on the best wrestlers in the world.

As the Olympics approached, Geeta's popularity soared. Fans across India and the world were rooting for her, and TamilMV became one of the go-to platforms for those looking for updates on her matches.

In a thrilling finale, Geeta Phogat faced off against American wrestler, Sarah Sjostrom. The match was intense, with both wrestlers giving it their all. In the end, Geeta emerged victorious, winning the gold medal and making history as India's first female Olympic champion.

As news of her victory spread, fans went wild, searching for updates on TamilMV and other platforms. The search term "Dangal TamilMV top" was trending worldwide, as people celebrated Geeta's incredible achievement.

The movie "Dangal," which tells the story of Mahavir and Geeta's journey, became a huge hit, inspiring millions of people around the world. And for those who had searched for "Dangal TamilMV top," the movie provided a thrilling and emotional ride, showcasing the incredible true story of a father's love and a daughter's determination.

The End

The 2016 film Dangal, starring Aamir Khan, is a biographical sports drama that remains one of the highest-rated and most successful films in Indian cinema history. The title "Dangal" translates to "wrestling competition," but the movie is widely celebrated for being much more than a sports film; it is a powerful narrative on female empowerment, perseverance, and the complex bond between a father and his daughters. Core Themes and Storytelling

Empowerment through Discipline: The film follows Mahavir Singh Phogat as he defies societal norms to train his daughters, Geeta and Babita, for international wrestling.

Narrative Conflict: A major source of tension is the clash between traditional and modern training methods, particularly between Mahavir and the national academy coach.

Social Impact: It highlights the discrimination faced by girl children in India, presenting this serious topic through a blend of high-stakes drama and organic humor. Production Excellence

🏆 The Heavyweight Champion: Dangal on TamilMV Top! 🏆 If you’re looking for the ultimate cinematic powerhouse, Dangal remains a permanent fixture on the TamilMV Top charts! 🏅 Whether it’s your first watch or your tenth, this masterpiece never fails to hit hard. Why it’s still at the Top:

The Transformation: Aamir Khan’s legendary dedication—from fit to "fat" and back—sets the gold standard for acting. 🏋️‍♂️

The Story: A gripping, true-life journey of Mahavir Singh Phogat training his daughters, Geeta and Babita, to become world-class wrestlers. 🇮🇳

The Emotion: It’s more than just sports; it’s about breaking stereotypes and the unbreakable bond of a father’s dream. 💥

The Music: Pritam’s soulful and energetic soundtrack that stays with you long after the credits roll. 🎶 🔥 Quick Facts: IMDb Rating: ⭐ 8.3/10 Genre: Action, Biography, Drama

Must-Watch Moment: The final gold medal match—chills every single time! 🥇

Have you checked the TamilMV Top list lately? Where does Dangal rank for you? Let’s talk about your favorite scene in the comments! 👇

#Dangal #AamirKhan #TamilMV #TopMovies #Wrestling #IndianCinema #MustWatch #GeetaPhogat #BabitaPhogat #MovieReview

Searching for the movie Dangal on platforms like TamilMV often leads to sites that operate in a legal grey zone by distributing copyrighted material without proper licensing. To watch this record-breaking film safely and legally, it is best to use official streaming services. Official Streaming Guide for Dangal

The most reliable way to watch Dangal (and other Tamil-dubbed hits) is through licensed platforms that offer high-quality playback and offline viewing features.

Watch Online: You can stream the movie on official platforms like ZEE5, which hosts a large collection of Tamil and dubbed content.

Offline Viewing: For those who want to watch without an internet connection, major services like Netflix and Amazon Prime Video provide dedicated download buttons within their mobile apps.

Other Options: Disney+ Hotstar also allows users to download select movies for offline use on mobile devices. Why Avoid Piracy Sites?

While sites like TamilMV are popular for fast access to new releases, they carry significant risks:

Access Issues: These sites are frequently blocked by ISPs and governments due to copyright infringement.

Security Risks: Users often have to use proxies or unreliable web proxies that may slow down your connection or expose you to unwanted ads.

Legal Concerns: Accessing content without a proper license is considered illegal in many regions. Netflix Do not search for "dangal tamilmv top

The keyword "dangal tamilmv top" typically refers to users seeking information about the blockbuster biographical sports drama Dangal (2016) on popular torrent or streaming indexing sites like TamilMV, where it frequently ranks among the most-searched or "top" titles.

Directed by Nitesh Tiwari and starring Aamir Khan, the film tells the true story of Mahavir Singh Phogat, a former wrestler who trains his daughters, Geeta and Babita Phogat, to become world-class wrestlers. The Global Impact of Dangal

Dangal is not just a film; it is a global phenomenon. It remains the highest-grossing Indian film of all time, with worldwide earnings exceeding ₹2,100 crore (approximately $320 million). It found unprecedented success in international markets, particularly in China, where it became one of the top 20 highest-grossing films ever. Core Story and Cast

The movie follows the inspirational journey of a father who defies societal norms in rural Haryana to fulfill his dream of winning a gold medal for India through his daughters.

Aamir Khan as Mahavir Singh Phogat: Known as "Mr. Perfectionist," Khan underwent a massive physical transformation, gaining weight to reach 97 kg with 38% body fat for the older version of his character before cutting down to 9% body fat for the younger version.

The Phogat Sisters: The roles were played by two sets of talented actresses:

Young Geeta and Babita: Played by Zaira Wasim and Suhani Bhatnagar.

Adult Geeta and Babita: Played by Fatima Sana Shaikh and Sanya Malhotra.

Sakshi Tanwar: Portrays Daya Shobha Kaur, Mahavir's supportive wife. Why It Ranks "Top" on Sites Like TamilMV

The film's lasting popularity on platforms like TamilMV is driven by several factors: Dangal (2016) - IMDb

The (2016) feature highlights the biographical sports drama's enduring status as India's highest-grossing film and its powerful themes of gender equality and resilience. While "TamilMV" is typically associated with third-party distribution sites, the film itself is officially available through legitimate platforms like Netflix and the Apple TV Store. Film Overview & Impact

True Story Foundations: The movie depicts the real-life journey of Mahavir Singh Phogat and his daughters, Geeta Phogat and Babita Kumari, as they navigate the male-dominated world of amateur wrestling.

Box Office Milestone: As of April 2026, Dangal remains the highest-grossing Indian film worldwide, with earnings estimated between ₹1,968 and ₹2,054 crore.

Cultural Significance: Beyond sports, it is celebrated for addressing discrimination against girl children in India through an entertaining and emotional narrative. Top Features & Highlights

This content is structured as an informative article that addresses the search intent (finding the movie) while explaining the context of the keyword, including the legal and safety aspects of using such sites.


Searching for "dangal tamilmv top" might save you a few hundred rupees, but the cost is enormous.

The search for "Dangal Tamilmv top" highlights the enduring popularity of one of Bollywood's finest films. The desire to watch the Tamil dubbed version shows the film's pan-India appeal. However, the risks associated with torrent sites—ranging from malware to legal trouble—often outweigh the benefits. For the best experience, consider switching to a legitimate OTT platform to enjoy the inspiring journey of the Phogat family in crystal-clear quality.

Report: Dangal TamilMV Top

Introduction

Dangal is a popular Indian sports drama film directed by Nitesh Tiwari, released in 2016. The film stars Aamir Khan, Fatima Sana Shaikh, and Sanya Malhotra. The movie is based on the true story of Mahavir Singh Phogat, a wrestler who trained his daughters to become international wrestling champions.

TamilMV Top Overview

TamilMV Top is an online platform that provides access to a vast library of movies, including Bollywood, Hollywood, and regional films. The website allows users to stream and download movies in various languages, including Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, and more.

Dangal on TamilMV Top

According to various online sources, Dangal is available on TamilMV Top. The movie is uploaded in various formats, including HD, and can be streamed or downloaded by users. The website provides multiple links to access the movie, including direct download links and streaming options.

Key Findings

Here are some key findings related to Dangal on TamilMV Top:

Analysis

The availability of Dangal on TamilMV Top raises several concerns related to piracy and copyright infringement. The movie's producers and distributors have not authorized the upload of the movie on the website, which constitutes a copyright violation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Dangal is available on TamilMV Top, a popular online platform that provides access to a vast library of movies. However, the availability of the movie on the website raises concerns related to piracy and copyright infringement. Users should be cautious when accessing movies on such platforms, as they may be violating copyright laws.

Recommendations

The 2016 biographical sports drama remains a monumental achievement in Indian cinema, holding its rank as the highest-grossing Indian film worldwide

[23, 26]. Directed by Nitesh Tiwari and starring Aamir Khan, the film tells the powerful true story of Mahavir Singh Phogat and his journey training his daughters, Geeta and Babita, to become world-class wrestlers [4, 6, 24]. Film Overview Sports Biopic / Drama [6]

Former wrestler Mahavir Singh Phogat, driven by a dream to win a gold medal for India, defies societal norms in rural Haryana to train his daughters in the male-dominated sport of wrestling [6, 22]. Aamir Khan as Mahavir Singh Phogat [4] Fatima Sana Shaikh Zaira Wasim as Geeta Phogat (adult and young versions) [4] Sanya Malhotra Suhani Bhatnagar as Babita Kumari (adult and young versions) [4] Tamil Version:

The film was officially dubbed and released in Tamil, with promotional content including an Official Tamil Dub Trailer Why It's a "Top" Film Global Success:

It earned over ₹2,000 crore worldwide, fueled by massive popularity in international markets like China [6, 10, 23]. Inspirational Themes: The film is celebrated for its messages of women’s empowerment and overcoming patriarchal stigmas [11, 22]. Critical Acclaim: Reviewers from Behindwoods

praised its authentic wrestling performances and emotional depth, calling it a "monumental achievement for sports-based films" [15]. Iconic Dialogues: One of its most famous lines— "Medalists don't grow on trees, you have to nurture them"

—is often cited as a testament to hard work and discipline [7, 25]. Critical Perspective While widely praised, some critics from

noted that the film centers patriarchal control, as the daughters' path is entirely dictated by their father, sparking a debate on whether it celebrates nationalism over true feminist agency [12, 13]. similar to Dangal available in Tamil?


Since Dangal is a visually stunning film (the wrestling sequences are choreographed impeccably), users don't want a blurry 360p video. "Top" refers to the highest resolution available—often a 4K Web-DL ripped from a streaming service.

Dangal remains one of India’s most beloved sports biopics, praised for its emotional depth, stellar performances, and true-story inspiration. Even years after its release, the film circulates widely online, with searches like “Dangal TamilMV top” reflecting continued interest from Tamil-speaking audiences seeking copies, dubbed versions, or lists ranking the movie among top titles.

It is easy to justify piracy by saying, "The actors are rich" or "I can't afford OTT subscriptions." However, Dangal is a special case.

Why does "dangal tamilmv top" appear? Even though Dangal is old (2016), it is a "catalog title." New users discover the film every day. Because TamilMV has a powerful SEO (Search Engine Optimization) engine, their Dangal page ranks highly for people looking for a free, offline copy. Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only