Indoor Radio Planning A Practical Guide For 2g 3g And 4g 3rd Edition 2015pdf Gooner
For a downlink (base to user):
Received power (dBm) = Tx power (dBm) – Cable/combiner loss (dB) + Antenna gain (dBi) – Path loss (dB) – Body loss (dB) + Fade margin (dB)
Example for LTE at 2.6 GHz:
Received power = 15 – 6 + 3 – 68 – 3 – 10 = -69 dBm (well above -105 dBm requirement) For a downlink (base to user): Received power
Create a matrix per zone (e.g., office vs. warehouse):
| Generation | Service | Required RSRP (LTE) / RSSI (2G) | Signal-to-noise (dB) | Blocking probability | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2G | Voice/SMS | > -85 dBm | > 9 | < 2% | | 3G | Voice/data | > -80 dBm (CPICH RSCP) | Ec/Io > -12 dB | < 5% | | 4G | Data (10 Mbps down) | > -105 dBm (RSRP) | SINR > 3 | < 10% |
Note: 4G RSRP is lower due to better coding and HARQ, but SINR must be tightly controlled. Received power = 15 – 6 + 3
At 2100 MHz (3G), with 2 concrete walls (10 dB each) and 40 m distance:
PL = 32.4 + 20*log10(2100) + 20*log10(0.04) + 20 = 32.4 + 66.4 - 28 + 20 = 90.8 dB
If the antenna port power is +10 dBm, the received power = -80.8 dBm (acceptable for 3G voice).
A 2015-era indoor DAS must handle:
Tools like iBwave, Atoll, or Ekahau (for Wi-Fi, but principles apply) use ray-tracing or dominant path models. Key inputs:
In the era of mobile broadband, over 80% of mobile traffic originates or terminates indoors. Yet, indoor environments remain the most challenging frontier for radio planners. External macro cells often fail to provide adequate coverage deep within buildings due to signal penetration losses, while user expectations for high data rates continue to rise.
This practical guide synthesizes the core principles of indoor radio planning for legacy (2G), transitional (3G), and modern (4G/LTE) networks. Whether you are designing a Distributed Antenna System (DAS) for a skyscraper, a metro station, or an underground shopping mall, the fundamentals remain critical. -85 dBm | >